Soluble CD30 and Risk of Adult T-Cell Leukemia in HTLV-1 Carriers
نویسندگان
چکیده
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a highly aggressive T-cell malignancy that was first proposed as a new disease entity in 1977 (Uchiyama et al., 1977) and that was closely followed by the discovery of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) as the causative agent (Yoshida et al., 1982). ATL has a broad clinical spectrum (Takatsuki et al., 1985) and is classified into four clinical subtypes: smoldering, chronic, acute, and lymphoma (Shimoyama, 1991). Most HTLV-1-infected people remain asymptomatic, i.e., not diagnosed as having HTLV1-related diseases, such as ATL, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, and others (Yamaguchi 1994). However, approximately 5% of asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers develop ATL after a long period of latent infection, with the average age of the onset of 67 years (Yamaguchi 1994). For the long-term latency between initial HTLV-1 infection and ATL development, a multistage carcinogenesis theory where five or more genetic changes may be accumulated in HTLV-1-infected cells before the clinical onset of ATL is widely accepted (Okamoto et al., 1989; Franchini, 1995). Although a large number of reports have been published to date, genetic abnormalities involved in the
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Comparison of HTLV-I Proviral Load in Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy (HAM-TSP) and Healthy Carriers
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